解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Current sequencing methods produce large amounts of data, but genome assemblies constructed from these data are often fragmented and incomplete. Incomplete and error-filled assemblies result in many annotation errors, especially in the number of genes present in a genome. This means that methods attempting to estimate...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst100
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tibetan and Andean Plateaus and Ethiopian highlands are the largest regions to have long-term high-altitude residents. Such populations are exposed to lower barometric pressures and hence atmospheric partial pressures of oxygen. Such "hypobaric hypoxia" may limit physical functional capacity, reproductive health, ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst089
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends animal genomes against the harmful consequences of transposable element (TE) infection by imposing small-RNA-mediated silencing. Because silencing is targeted by TE-derived piRNAs, piRNA production is posited to be central to the evolution of genome defense. We harnesse...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst081
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the idea that ancestral class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases arose on opposite strands of the same gene. We assembled excerpted 94-residue Urgenes for class I tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) and class II Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) from a diverse group of species, by identifying and catenating...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst070
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomes of many vertebrates show a characteristic heterogeneous distribution of GC content, the so-called GC isochore structure. The origin of isochores has been explained via the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). However, although the isochore structure is declining in many mammalian genomes, the het...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst067
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::MrBayes, using Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMCMC or (MC)(3)), is a popular program for Bayesian inference. As a leading method of using DNA data to infer phylogeny, the (MC)(3) Bayesian algorithm and its improved and parallel versions are now not fast enough for biologists to analyze massive real-wor...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst043
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution of sequences mostly involves independent changes at different sites. However, substitutions at neighboring sites may co-occur as multinucleotide replacement events (MNRs). Here, we compare noncoding sequences of several species of primates, and of three species of Drosophila fruit flies, in a phylogenetic an...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst036
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Model-based analyses of natural selection often categorize sites into a relatively small number of site classes. Forcing each site to belong to one of these classes places unrealistic constraints on the distribution of selection parameters, which can result in misleading inference due to model misspecification. We pre...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst030
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mst010
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical codon models (ECMs) estimated from a large number of globular protein families outperformed mechanistic codon models in their description of the general process of protein evolution. Among other factors, ECMs implicitly model the influence of amino acid properties and multiple nucleotide substitutions (MNS)....
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss266
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective population size is fundamental in population genetics and characterizes genetic diversity. To infer past population dynamics from molecular sequence data, coalescent-based models have been developed for Bayesian nonparametric estimation of effective population size over time. Among the most successful is a G...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss265
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is the heart of comparative sequence analysis. Recent studies demonstrate that MSA algorithms can produce different outcomes when analyzing genomes, including phylogenetic tree inference and the detection of adaptive evolution. These studies also suggest that the difference between MS...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss256
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inaccurate inference of positional homologies in multiple sequence alignments and systematic errors introduced by alignment heuristics obfuscate phylogenetic inference. Alignment masking, the elimination of phylogenetically uninformative or misleading sites from an alignment before phylogenetic analysis, is a common p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss264
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we sequenced the 5,419,609 bp circular genome of an Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate that killed a patient and was resistant to almost all current antibiotics (except gentamicin) commonly used to treat Enterobacterial infections, including colistin. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses explain the discrepanc...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss236
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to survey polymorphism on a genomic scale has enabled genome-wide scans for the targets of natural selection. Theory that connects patterns of genetic variation to evidence of natural selection most often assumes a diallelic locus and no recurrent mutation. Although these assumptions are suitable to select...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss247
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amino acid substitution matrices describe the rates by which amino acids are replaced during evolution. In contrast to nucleotide or codon models, amino acid substitution matrices are in general parameterless and empirically estimated, probably because there is no obvious parametrization for amino acid substitutions. ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss229
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although endogenous retroviruses are common across vertebrate genomes, the koala retrovirus (KoRV) is the only retrovirus known to be currently invading the germ line of its host. KoRV is believed to have first infected koalas in northern Australia less than two centuries ago. We examined KoRV in 28 koala museum skins...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss223
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-long terminal repeat retroelements continue to impact the human genome through cis-activity of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) and trans-mobilization of Alu. Current activity is dominated by modern subfamilies of these elements, leaving behind an evolutionary graveyard of extinct Alu and L1 subfamilies....
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss202
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, Lee et al. (Lee JH, Silhavy JL, Lee JE, et al. (30 co-authors). 2012. Evolutionarily assembled cis-regulatory module at a human ciliopathy locus. Science (335:966-969.) demonstrated that mutation in either of the transmembrane protein encoding genes, TMEM138 or TMEM216, causes phenotypically indistinguishabl...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss215
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we present a study of the molecular evolution of the pheromone receptor genes (pre-1 and pre-2) in Neurospora taxa with different mating systems. We focus on comparisons between heterothallic and homothallic taxa, reproducing sexually by outcrossing and by intrahaploid selfing, respectively. Our general aim was ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss193
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An improved understanding of the biological and numerical properties of measures of population differentiation across loci is becoming increasingly more important because of their growing use in analyzing genome-wide polymorphism data for detecting population structures, inferring the rates of migration, and identifyi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss187
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria are among the most ancient organisms known to have circadian rhythms. The cpmA gene is involved in controlling the circadian output signal. We studied polymorphism and divergence of this gene in six populations of a stress-tolerant cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp., sampled in extreme habitats across...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss191
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemosensory genes are frequently the target of positive selection and are often present in large gene families, but little is known about heterogeneity of selection in these cases and its relation to function. Here, we use the vomeronasal-1 receptor (V1R) repertoire of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) as a model system...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss188
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental drivers of biodiversity can be identified by relating patterns of community similarity to ecological factors. Community variation has traditionally been assessed by considering changes in species composition and more recently by incorporating phylogenetic information to account for the relative similarit...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss200
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria is a deadly disease that causes nearly one million deaths each year. To develop methods to control and eradicate malaria, it is important to understand the genetic basis of Plasmodium falciparum adaptations to antimalarial treatments and the human immune system while taking into account its demographic history...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss161
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purifying selection can substantially alter patterns of molecular evolution. Its main effect is to reduce overall levels of genetic variation, leading to a reduced effective population size. However, it also distorts genealogies relative to neutral expectations. A structured coalescent method has been used to describe...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss170
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE (KJE) chaperone system functions at the fulcrum of protein homeostasis in bacteria. It interacts both with nascent polypeptides and with proteins that have become unfolded, either funneling its clients toward the native state or ushering misfolded proteins into degradation. In line with its key role...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss152
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insertions and deletions (indels) in protein-coding genes are important sources of genetic variation. Their role in creating new proteins may be especially important after gene duplication. However, little is known about how indels affect the divergence of duplicate genes. We here study thousands of duplicate genes in...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss108
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We implement an isolation with migration model for three species, with migration occurring between two closely related species while an out-group species is used to provide further information concerning gene trees and model parameters. The model is implemented in the likelihood framework for analyzing multilocus geno...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss118
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous retroviruses provide molecular fossils for studying the ancient evolutionary history of retroviruses. Here, we report our independent discovery and analysis of endogenous lentiviral insertions (Mustelidae endogenous lentivirus [MELV]) within the genomes of weasel family (Mustelidae). Genome-scale screening ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss126
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the age of whole-genome population genetics, so-called genomic scan studies often conclude with a long list of putatively selected loci. These lists are then further scrutinized to annotate these regions by gene function, corresponding biological processes, expression levels, or gene networks. Such annotations are ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss136
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remarkably little is known about the population-level processes leading up to the extinction of the neandertal. To examine this, we use mitochondrial DNA sequences from 13 neandertal individuals, including a novel sequence from northern Spain, to examine neandertal demographic history. Our analyses indicate that recen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss074
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone modification is an important mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Why many histone modifications can be stably maintained in the midst of genetic and environmental changes is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. We obtained genome-wide profiles of three histone marks, H3 lysine 4 tri-methylat...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss022
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are glycoproteins found exclusively in vertebrates and have broad diversified functions. They are hypothesized to play important roles in mammalian reproduction and in reptilian venom, where they disrupt homeostasis of the prey through several mechanisms, including among other...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss058
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unraveling how regulatory divergence contributes to species differences and adaptation requires identifying functional variants from among millions of genetic differences. Analysis of allelic imbalance (AI) reveals functional genetic differences in cis regulation and has demonstrated differences in cis regulation with...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr318
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cost of reproduction is a pivotal trade-off with various biological processes during the evolution of organisms. However, the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of balancing reproductive capacity and its cost are still largely unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the evolution, e...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr299
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maximum likelihood codon substitution models have proven useful for studying when and how protein function evolves, but they have recently been criticized on a number of fronts. The strengths and weaknesses of such methods must therefore be identified and improved upon. Here, using simulations, we show that the Clade ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr311
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to counter periods of low humidity is an important determinant of distribution range in Drosophila. Climate specialists with low physiological tolerance to desiccation stress are restricted to the tropics and may lack the ability to further increase resistance through evolution. Although the physiological ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr294
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signatures of balancing selection can highlight polymorphisms and functions that are important to the long-term fitness of a species. We performed a first genome-wide scan for balancing selection in a bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, which is a common cause of serious antimicrobial-resistant infections of hum...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr286
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogen recognition is the first step of immune reactions. In animals and plants, direct or indirect pathogen recognition is often mediated by a wealth of fast-evolving receptors, many of which contain ligand-binding and signal transduction domains, such as leucine-rich or tetratricopeptide repeat (LRR/TPR) and NB-AR...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msr296
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00